Hypodermic Needle Theory: Theorises that audiences are essentially passive, and will readily absorb messages relayed to them by the media This means that, after watching a violent horror film, or playing a POV shooter, audience memebers will be negatively influenced This presupposes that audiences are passive active (they make sense of media message through personal and social contexts) Moral Panic and Folk Devils: In 1972, Stanley Cohen developed the moral panic theory, this encompassed ideas of folk devils in society. Moral Panic: When "a condition, episode, person or group of persons emerges to become defined as a threat to societal values and interests". His research was based on the mods and rockers in the 1960s, but have since been applied to the media. The Stages of Moral Panic: Someone, something or a group are defined as a threat to social norms or community interests The threat is then dedicated in a simple and recognisable symbol/form b
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